Amaretto (2 tbsp.): 1/4 to 1/2 tsp almond extract
Baking Mix: 1 cup flour plus 1 1/2 tsp baking powder plus 1/2 tsp salt plus 3 tbsp. solid shortening
Bread Crumbs: cracker crumbs
Butter or Margarine: shortening or vegetable oil
Buttermilk: 1 tbsp. vinegar plus enough mild to make 1 cup
Corn Syrup (1 cup): 2/3 cup sugar plus 1/3 cup hot water and cool to room temp.
Cornstarch (1 tbsp.): 2 tbsp. all purpose flour
Dark Brown Sugar (1 cup): 3/4 cup granulated sugar plus 1/4 cup molasses
Fresh Herbs (1 tbsp.): 1 tsp dried herbs
Honey (1 cup): 1 1/4 cups sugar plus 1/4 cup water
Lemon, 1 fresh: 2 to 3 tbsp. bottled lemon juice
Light Brown Sugar (1 cup): 1 cup granulated sugar plus 2 tbsp. molasses
Light Cream for 1 cup: 2 tbsp. butter plus enough milk to equal 1 cup
Molasses: honey
Oil (1 cup): 1/2 lb. butter, or 1 cup melted shortening
Powdered Sugar (1 cup): 1 cup white sugar plus 1 cup cornstarch mixed in food processor
Red Wine (1/4 cup): 1 tbsp. balsamic or red wine vinegar
Ricotta Cheese: NO SUBSTITUTE
Shortening: butter or margarine
Sour Cream: plain yogurt
Sugar: honey and reduce liquid by 1/2 cup
Tomato Sauce (2 cups): 3/4 cup tomato paste plus 1 cup water
Vinegar (1 tsp): 2 tsp lemon juice
White Wine: white grape juice or apple juice